Janssen is committed to supporting you throughout the SPRAVATO® coding and reimbursement journey with interactive tools, resources, and live representatives.
Determining access for SPRAVATO® begins with identifying your patient’s benefit design.*
Note: Billing for SPRAVATO® involves codes for both drug administration and monitoring. SPRAVATO® treatment requires observation and a mandatory monitoring period of at least 2 hours.
Codes
E/M Codes
Prolonged Services Codes
Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes
Note: Billing for SPRAVATO® involves codes for both drug administration and monitoring. SPRAVATO® treatment requires observation and a mandatory monitoring period of at least 2 hours.
*To understand reimbursement for SPRAVATO®, it is important to fully review individual payer policies and understand payer-specific requirements.
SPRAVATO® Interactive Code Finder
We are excited to introduce the SPRAVATO® Interactive Code Finder. This interactive tool is intended to help your treatment center better understand SPRAVATO® coding. Based on several factors, you will be able to utilize this to view possible coding scenarios to consider when billing and coding for SPRAVATO®.
Benefit design is a set of rules that describe coverage of healthcare services for health insurances. Typically, insurance plans manage drug coverage under the medical or pharmacy benefit, or both.
Buy and Bill is a procurement method that is typically covered under a patient’s medical benefit and is used for providers to acquire specialty and/or office-administered drugs. Providers may purchase the medication and keep the inventory on site until a patient is prescribed therapy.
Assignment of Benefits is a pathway that allows a practice to acquire drugs through a pharmacy under a patient’s medical benefit.
Specialty pharmacy is an accredited pharmacy that provides medications for complex medical conditions, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.
S codes are Level II HCPCS codes that are issued to meet the needs of non-Federal (ie, commercial) payers to describe products and services for which there are no nationally accepted codes. The Medicare program does not use, and does not accept claims for, S codes.
J codes are types of HCPCS codes used for billing specific non-oral medications, such as chemotherapy, inhalation products, and other non–self-administered oral medications and services.
G codes are types of HCPCS codes established by CMS under Medicare Part B. For SPRAVATO®, bundled G codes 2082 and 2083 cover both the drug and treatment visit.
Other types of G codes may be used to cover the treatment visit or prolonged service. When billing for SPRAVATO® using these G codes, other prolonged service codes should not be used.
Evaluation and Management (E/M) codes are types of CPT® codes used for physician billing purposes and describe visits and services that involve evaluating and managing patient health, including time spent with the patient.
CPT® - Current Procedural Terminology. CPT® is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association.
Code 99417 is used to report prolonged total time (ie, combined time with and without direct patient contact) provided by the physician or other qualified healthcare professional on the date of office or other outpatient services, office consultation, or other outpatient evaluation and management services.
Codes 99415, 99416 may be used when an E/M service involves prolonged clinical staff face-to-face time beyond the typical face-to-face time of the E/M service, as stated in the code description. The physician must be present to provide direct supervision of the clinical staff and the prolonged service(s) is reported in addition to the designated E/M service.
A new patient is one who has not received any professional services from the physician or other qualified healthcare professional or another physician or other qualified healthcare professional of the exact same specialty and subspecialty who belongs to the same group practice, within the past 3 years.
An established patient is one who has received professional services from the physician or other qualified healthcare professional or another physician or other qualified healthcare professional of the exact same specialty and subspecialty who belongs to the same group practice, within the past 3 years.
HCPCS G2212 is an add-on code for prolonged visits. When the practitioner selects a visit level using time, the practitioner may report prolonged office/outpatient E/M visit time using this code.
The fact that a drug, device, procedure, or service is assigned a Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) code and a payment rate does not imply coverage by the Medicare and/or Medicaid program, but indicates only how the product, procedure, or service may be paid if covered by the program. Fiscal Intermediaries (FIs)/Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) and/or state Medicaid administration determine whether a drug, device, procedure, or other service meets all program requirements for coverage.
Payer requirements for SPRAVATO® administration coding may vary. Healthcare providers (HCPs) should contact payers for specific policy information.
Reminder: HCPs must consult with each patient’s payer since coverage will vary. Please note that HCPs are responsible for selecting appropriate codes for any particular claim based on the patient’s condition, the items and services that are furnished, and any specific payer requirements. It is advisable to contact local payers with regard to local payment policies.
This tool is presented for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide reimbursement or legal advice, nor does it promise or guarantee coverage, levels of reimbursement, payment, or charge. Similarly, all CPT® and HCPCS codes are supplied for informational purposes only and represent no statement, promise, or guarantee by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., that these codes will be appropriate or that reimbursement will be made. It is not intended to increase or maximize reimbursement by any payer. Laws, regulations, and policies concerning reimbursement are complex and are updated frequently. While we have made an effort to be current as of the issue date of this document, the information may not be as current or comprehensive when you view it. We strongly recommend you consult the payer organization for its reimbursement policies.
CPT® - Current Procedural Terminology. CPT® is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association.
The SPRAVATO® Interactive Code Finder
This tool is intended to help you better understand SPRAVATO® reimbursement scenarios and associated billing codes.
How will SPRAVATO® be procured?
REMS=Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy.
Does payer policy require use of G codes for SPRAVATO®?
Will you be billing this patient as a new or established patient (per CPT® guidelines)?
CPT® - Current Procedural Terminology. CPT® is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association.
Drug Codes1,2
Drug Codes
Description
S code
S0013 — Esketamine, Nasal Spray, 1 mg
J code
J3490 — Unclassified drugs
Evaluation and Management (E/M) Codes for New Patients3
E/M Codes
Description
Total Time Spent on Day of Encounter (when using time for code selection)
99202
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Straightforward medical decision making
15 minutes must be met or exceeded
99203
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Low level medical decision making
30 minutes must be met or exceeded
99204
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Moderate medical decision making
45 minutes must be met or exceeded
99205
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• High level medical decision making
60 minutes must be met or exceeded
Prolonged Service3,4
Prolonged Service Code*
Description
99417
Prolonged outpatient evaluation and management service(s) time with or without direct patient contact beyond the required time of the primary service when the primary service level has been selected using total time, each 15 minutes of total time. (List separately in addition to code of the outpatient E/M service)
*Prolonged Service With or Without Direct Patient Contact on the Date of E/M Service.
Prolonged Service Code (G code)
Description
G2212
Prolonged office or other outpatient evaluation and management service(s) beyond the maximum required time of the primary procedure which has been selected using total time on the date of the primary service; each additional 15 minutes by the physician or qualified healthcare professional, with or without direct patient contact. (List separately in addition to CPT codes 99205, 99215 for office or other outpatient evaluation and management services)
Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes†
Description
99415
Prolonged clinical staff service (the service beyond the highest time in the range of total time of the service) during an evaluation and management service in the office or outpatient setting, direct patient contact with physician supervision; first hour (List separately in addition to code for outpatient E/M service)
99416
Each additional 30 minutes (List separately in addition to code for prolonged service)
†Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes With Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional Supervision.
HCPCS=Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System; MPFS=Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.
Drug Codes1,2
Drug Codes
Description
S code
S0013 — Esketamine, Nasal Spray, 1 mg
J code
J3490 — Unclassified drugs
Evaluation and Management (E/M) Codes for Established Patients3
E/M Codes
Description
Total Time Spent on Day of Encounter (when using time for code selection)
99212
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Straightforward medical decision making
10 minutes must be met or exceeded
99213
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Low level medical decision making
20 minutes must be met or exceeded
99214
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Moderate medical decision making
30 minutes must be met or exceeded
99215
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• High level medical decision making
40 minutes must me met or exceeded
Prolonged Service3,4
Prolonged Service Code*
Description
99417
Prolonged outpatient evaluation and management service(s) time with or without direct patient contact beyond the required time of the primary service when the primary service level has been selected using total time, each 15 minutes of total time. (List separately in addition to code of the outpatient E/M service)
*Prolonged Service With or Without Direct Patient Contact on the Date of E/M Service.
Prolonged Service Code (G code)
Description
G2212
Prolonged office or other outpatient evaluation and management service(s) beyond the maximum required time of the primary procedure which has been selected using total time on the date of the primary service; each additional 15 minutes by the physician or qualified healthcare professional, with or without direct patient contact. (List separately in addition to CPT codes 99205, 99215 for office or other outpatient evaluation and management services)
Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes†
Description
99415
Prolonged clinical staff service (the service beyond the highest time in the range of total time of the service) during an evaluation and management service in the office or outpatient setting, direct patient contact with physician supervision; first hour (List separately in addition to code for outpatient E/M service)
99416
Each additional 30 minutes (List separately in addition to code for prolonged service)
†Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes With Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional Supervision.
HCPCS=Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System; MPFS=Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.
Drug and Service Codes1
G Codes
Description
G2082
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient that requires the supervision of a physician or other qualified health care professional and provision of up to 56 mg of esketamine nasal self-administration, includes 2 hours post-administration observation
G2083
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient that requires the supervision of a physician or other qualified health care professional and provision of greater than 56 mg of esketamine nasal self-administration, includes 2 hours post-administration observation
HCPCS=Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System; MPFS=Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.
Evaluation and Management (E/M) Codes for New Patients1
E/M Codes
Description
Total Time Spent on Day of Encounter (when using time for code selection)
99202
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Straightforward medical decision making
15 minutes must be met or exceeded
99203
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Low level medical decision making
30 minutes must be met or exceeded
99204
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Moderate medical decision making
45 minutes must be met or exceeded
99205
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• High level medical decision making
60 minutes must be met or exceeded
Prolonged Service1,2
Prolonged Service Code*
Description
99417
Prolonged outpatient evaluation and management service(s) time with or without direct patient contact beyond the required time of the primary service when the primary service level has been selected using total time, each 15 minutes of total time. (List separately in addition to code of the outpatient E/M service)
*Prolonged Service With or Without Direct Patient Contact on the Date of E/M Service.
Prolonged Service Code (G code)
Description
G2212
Prolonged office or other outpatient evaluation and management service(s) beyond the maximum required time of the primary procedure which has been selected using total time on the date of the primary service; each additional 15 minutes by the physician or qualified healthcare professional, with or without direct patient contact. (List separately in addition to CPT codes 99205, 99215 for office or other outpatient evaluation and management services)
Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes†
Description
99415
Prolonged clinical staff service (the service beyond the highest time in the range of total time of the service) during an evaluation and management service in the office or outpatient setting, direct patient contact with physician supervision; first hour (List separately in addition to code for outpatient E/M service)
99416
Each additional 30 minutes (List separately in addition to code for prolonged service)
†Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes With Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional Supervision.
HCPCS=Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System; MPFS=Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.
Evaluation and Management (E/M) Codes for Established Patients1
E/M Codes
Description
Total Time Spent on Day of Encounter (when using time for code selection)
99212
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Straightforward medical decision making
10 minutes must be met or exceeded
99213
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Low level medical decision making
20 minutes must be met or exceeded
99214
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Moderate medical decision making
30 minutes must be met or exceeded
99215
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• High level medical decision making
40 minutes must me met or exceeded
Prolonged Service1,2
Prolonged Service Code*
Description
99417
Prolonged outpatient evaluation and management service(s) time with or without direct patient contact beyond the required time of the primary service when the primary service level has been selected using total time, each 15 minutes of total time. (List separately in addition to code of the outpatient E/M service)
*Prolonged Service With or Without Direct Patient Contact on the Date of E/M Service.
Prolonged Service Code (G code)
Description
G2212
Prolonged office or other outpatient evaluation and management service(s) beyond the maximum required time of the primary procedure which has been selected using total time on the date of the primary service; each additional 15 minutes by the physician or qualified healthcare professional, with or without direct patient contact. (List separately in addition to CPT codes 99205, 99215 for office or other outpatient evaluation and management services)
Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes†
Description
99415
Prolonged clinical staff service (the service beyond the highest time in the range of total time of the service) during an evaluation and management service in the office or outpatient setting, direct patient contact with physician supervision; first hour (List separately in addition to code for outpatient E/M service)
99416
Each additional 30 minutes (List separately in addition to code for prolonged service)
†Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes With Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional Supervision.
HCPCS=Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System; MPFS=Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.
Evaluation and Management (E/M) Codes for New Patients1
E/M Codes
Description
Total Time Spent on Day of Encounter (when using time for code selection)
99202
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Straightforward medical decision making
15 minutes must be met or exceeded
99203
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Low level medical decision making
30 minutes must be met or exceeded
99204
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Moderate medical decision making
45 minutes must be met or exceeded
99205
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• High level medical decision making
60 minutes must be met or exceeded
Prolonged Service1,2
Prolonged Service Code (G code)
Description
G2212
Prolonged office or other outpatient evaluation and management service(s) beyond the maximum required time of the primary procedure which has been selected using total time on the date of the primary service; each additional 15 minutes by the physician or qualified healthcare professional, with or without direct patient contact. (List separately in addition to CPT codes 99205, 99215 for office or other outpatient evaluation and management services)
Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes†
Description
99415
Prolonged clinical staff service (the service beyond the highest time in the range of total time of the service) during an evaluation and management service in the office or outpatient setting, direct patient contact with physician supervision; first hour (List separately in addition to code for outpatient E/M service)
99416
Each additional 30 minutes (List separately in addition to code for prolonged service)
†Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes With Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional Supervision.
HCPCS=Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System; MPFS=Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.
Evaluation and Management (E/M) Codes for Established Patients1
E/M Codes
Description
Total Time Spent on Day of Encounter (when using time for code selection)
99212
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Straightforward medical decision making
10 minutes must be met or exceeded
99213
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Low level medical decision making
20 minutes must be met or exceeded
99214
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• Moderate medical decision making
30 minutes must be met or exceeded
99215
• Medically appropriate history and/or examination
• High level medical decision making
40 minutes must me met or exceeded
Prolonged Service1,2
Prolonged Service Code (G code)
Description
G2212
Prolonged office or other outpatient evaluation and management service(s) beyond the maximum required time of the primary procedure which has been selected using total time on the date of the primary service; each additional 15 minutes by the physician or qualified healthcare professional, with or without direct patient contact. (List separately in addition to CPT codes 99205, 99215 for office or other outpatient evaluation and management services)
Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes†
Description
99415
Prolonged clinical staff service (the service beyond the highest time in the range of total time of the service) during an evaluation and management service in the office or outpatient setting, direct patient contact with physician supervision; first hour (List separately in addition to code for outpatient E/M service)
99416
Each additional 30 minutes (List separately in addition to code for prolonged service)
†Prolonged Clinical Staff Service Codes With Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional Supervision.
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient that requires the supervision of a physician or other qualified health care professional and provision of up to 56 mg of esketamine nasal self-administration, includes 2 hours post administration observation
$839.56
G2083
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient that requires the supervision of a physician or other qualified health care professional and provision of greater than 56 mg esketamine nasal self-administration, includes 2 hours post administration observation
$1,191.89
99202
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and straightforward medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 15 minutes must be met or exceeded.
$71.05
99203
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and low level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 30 minutes must be met or exceeded.
$109.69
99204
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and moderate level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 45 minutes must be met or exceeded.
$164.38
99205
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and high level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 60 minutes must be met or exceeded.
$216.77
99212
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and straightforward medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 10 minutes must be met or exceeded.
$55.67
99213
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and low level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 20 minutes must be met or exceeded.
$89.39
99214
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and moderate level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 30 minutes must be met or exceeded.
$126.07
99215
Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and high level of medical decision making. When using total time on the date of the encounter for code selection, 40 minutes must be met or exceeded.
$177.47
99415
Prolonged clinical staff service (the service beyond the highest time in the range of total time of the service) during an evaluation and management service in the office or outpatient setting, direct patient contact with physician supervision; first hour (List separately in addition to code for outpatient Evaluation and Management service)
$20.30
99416
Each additional 30 minutes (List separately in addition to code for prolonged service)
$9.50
99417
Prolonged outpatient evaluation and management service(s) time with or without direct patient contact beyond the required time of the primary service when the primary service level has been selected using total time, each 15 minutes of total time. (List separately in addition to code of the outpatient E/M service)
$30.12
G2212
Prolonged office or other outpatient evaluation and management service(s) beyond the maximum required time of the primary procedure which has been selected using total time on the date of the primary service; each additional 15 minutes by the physician or qualified healthcare professional, with or without direct patient contact (List separately in addition to CPT codes 99205, 99215 for office or other outpatient evaluation and management services)
$31.76
Tools & Resources
Educational resources for healthcare providers and staff
Pathway to Acquire SPRAVATO® from an Authorized Specialty Distributor
Assess how the buy-and-bill process can become a procurement option for your REMS-certified SPRAVATO® treatment center and learn how to order from an authorized SPRAVATO® specialty distributor.
Complete List of Authorized SPRAVATO® Full-Line Wholesalers and Specialty Distributors
For REMS-certified treatment centers that want to buy-and-bill, see the full list of authorized SPRAVATO® full-line wholesalers and specialty distributors.
Outlines SPRAVATO® access and reimbursement, including an overview of coverage considerations, available procurement methods, potential billing codes, and examples.
Summarizes code changes for observation and monitoring during treatment sessions. Provides sample patient scenarios and tips for implementation at the practice level.
Educational information to support REMS-certified treatment centers through the process of securing access for their patients. Provides an explanation of exceptions and appeals policies, along with sample letters and forms that may be used.
Historically, the code levels for E/M services were based on the complexity of medical decision-making (MDM). Within the code definitions, time was included as an adjunct, intended to assist selection of the most appropriate E/M level.
Beginning in 2021, time alone may be used to select the appropriate code level for office or other outpatient E/M service codes (99202-99205 and 99212-99215).
The physician or qualified healthcare professional time includes face-to-face time personally spent by the physician and/or qualified healthcare professional(s) on the day of the encounter, but does not include time in activities normally performed by other clinical staff.
There is currently no unique, designated code to describe the observation and monitoring of SPRAVATO® administration as required by REMS. Healthcare providers must consult with each patient’s payer since coverage will vary.
Please note that physicians or qualified healthcare professionals are responsible for selecting appropriate codes for any particular claim based on the patient’s condition, the items and services that are furnished, and any specific payer requirements. It is advisable to contact your local payer with regard to local payment policies.
Prolonged clinical staff service codes may be used when an E/M service involves prolonged clinical staff face-to-face time beyond the typical face-to-face time of the E/M service as stated in the code description. The physician must be present to provide direct supervision of the clinical staff and the prolonged service(s) is reported in addition to the designated E/M service.
Payer requirements for SPRAVATO® administration coding may vary. Please contact your payers for specific coding policies.
Yes. In 2020, CMS established coding and payment rules for the evaluation and management, observation, and provision of self-administered SPRAVATO® under Medicare Part B. The resulting HCPCS codes (G2082 and G2083) incorporate both the provision of the drug and professional services associated with SPRAVATO® therapy.
No. Code S0013 “Esketamine, nasal spray, 1 mg” describes only SPRAVATO® and does not include professional services. This is a product-specific billing code, intended to facilitate commercial payer claims processing for SPRAVATO®. Billing providers must continue to report the G codes on Medicare claims.
When a prior authorization request is received for medication coverage, the insurance plan will determine if the member’s benefit plan includes coverage for it and whether the plan requires covered services to be medically necessary.
A Letter of Medical Necessity is used to support why you believe treatment of your patient with SPRAVATO® is medically necessary. It can be submitted with either the initial claim to support the medical necessity of treatment with SPRAVATO® for your patient or when requesting reconsideration of a denied claim.
Consider using a Letter of Exception for payers that do not require a specific request form. An exception request may be necessary for SPRAVATO® if it is not on formulary, if the plan requires a step through other treatments, or if it has a National Drug Code (NDC) block.
To view the coverage policy for a specific medication, go to the provider portal of the patient’s health plan and search for policies. Then, select the appropriate health plan.
SPRAVATO® can be covered by medical or pharmacy benefit (or both), and coverage depends on your local area and the patient’s benefit design.
If SPRAVATO® is covered under both benefits, check with your patient’s insurance plan to see if medical or pharmacy is preferred.
If SPRAVATO® is covered under the medical benefit, you may utilize the buy-and-bill pathway to acquire SPRAVATO® to treat appropriate adult patients. In the buy-and-bill model, a healthcare provider purchases a drug from a specialty distributor (SD) and, after administering the drug, the provider submits a claim for reimbursement for the drug and any other medical services associated with the treatment to the payer.
If your patient is covered under a pharmacy benefit, you may be able to acquire SPRAVATO® through a local or national specialty pharmacy (SP), but patients covered under a medical benefit will require a medical assignment-of-benefit (AOB) to acquire SPRAVATO® through a pharmacy pathway.
For more information, please contact your local account representative.
Once a prescribing decision has been made, SPRAVATO withMe can help navigate access and affordability processes efficiently so you can focus on your patients.
SPRAVATO withMe Case Managers provide you with educational support to help your patients start and stay on track. To find out more about SPRAVATO withMe or to enroll your patients, give us a call at 1-844-4S-WITHME (1-844-479-4846), Monday through Friday from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM ET.
SPRAVATO withMe is limited to education for patients about SPRAVATO®, its administration, and/or their disease, and is not intended to provide medical advice, replace a treatment plan from the patient’s doctor or nurse, or provide case management services.
Information about your patientsʼ insurance coverage, cost support options, and treatment support is given by service providers for SPRAVATO withMe. The information you get does not require you or your patient to use any Janssen product. Because the information we give you comes from outside sources, SPRAVATO withMe cannot promise the information will be complete. SPRAVATO withMe cost support is not for patients in the Johnson & Johnson Patient Assistance Foundation.